RO e-Transport seen from the plant

For many plants, RO e-Transport entered the dispatch routine without being discussed with purchasing, planning or IT. It works until a truck sits at the dock because it has no UIT code, or until an inspection finds that the declared quantity does not match what is on the truck. The rules below come from the 2025 ANAF guide and the acts cited.

What it is

RO e-Transport is the system through which the Ministry of Finance, via ANAF (the Romanian tax authority), monitors road transport of goods. It was established by Government Emergency Ordinance (OUG) 41/2022, which has been amended several times since. The 2025 ANAF guide lists the changes made in 2024 and 2025: OUG 43/2024, 87/2024, 129/2024, 138/2024 and 29/2025. For each declared shipment the system generates a UIT code, which travels with the goods on the road.

Declarations are made through the Virtual Private Space (SPV, ANAF’s online portal for taxpayers), in the web application or through the API. The company must be registered in SPV, directly or through a representative or authorised person.

Which shipments are covered

There are two categories. The first is domestic shipments of high fiscal risk goods. The list is set by ANAF Order 802/2022 and, in its published form, covers vegetables, fruit, beverages, sand, gravel and crushed stone (CN 2505 and 2517), clothing, footwear and rolled iron or steel products (CN 7213 and 7214). For a metal construction or precast concrete plant, wire rod and steel bars are the most likely example. Check the list in its current form before deciding it does not concern you. Extending it was discussed publicly in 2024, and no official source confirmed that those changes were adopted.

The second category is international road shipments of goods, introduced by OUG 115/2023 (published on 15 December 2023). Here the ANAF guide does not tie the obligation to the list of high fiscal risk goods. It covers intra-EU acquisitions and supplies, imports, exports, toll manufacturing (lohn) in both directions, call-off stock held for customers and warehousing in transit.

Monitoring applies to vehicles with a maximum technically permissible mass of at least 2.5 tonnes, carrying goods of more than 500 kg gross weight or more than 10,000 lei in value, for at least one consignment in the shipment (joint ANAF and AVR Order 1337/1268/2024). Exempt, among others, are excise goods moving under e-DA or e-DAS through EMCS, and postal parcels.

If the same truck carries both high fiscal risk goods and other goods, all the goods in the shipment are declared.

Who declares

The ANAF guide splits the obligation as follows:

• domestic shipment of high fiscal risk goods: the supplier in Romania, and for moves between a company’s own sites, the company that owns the goods
• intra-EU acquisition: the recipient in Romania
• intra-EU supply: the supplier in Romania
• import and export: the consignee and the consignor named in the customs declaration, respectively
• lohn: the contractor in Romania for goods received for processing and for those sent back, the principal in Romania for goods sent for processing in another member state

For receiving, the second rule is the one that matters. If you buy from a supplier in another member state, the declaration and the UIT code are your job, whoever organises the transport.

UIT code and deadlines

A shipment can be declared up to 3 calendar days before the declared start date, but at the latest on entering the country, at the import location or when the vehicle departs, as applicable. The UIT code is valid for 5 calendar days from the declared start date. For intra-EU acquisitions and a few similar operations, validity is 15 days. Using an expired UIT is prohibited.

The code must be given to the carrier, directly or through the transport organiser, before entry into the country or departure. After departure the declared data can no longer be changed. The one exception is the vehicle identification data, which the organiser or carrier updates during the validity period, before the vehicle moves again. If the system is down and ANAF announces it on its website, the declaration is made by the end of the next working day after the system is back in operation.

GPS

The carrier must transmit the vehicle’s current position along the whole monitored route, using satellite positioning devices. The driver switches the device on before the shipment starts on national territory and switches it off only after delivery or after leaving the country. Transmission frequency and format are set in the technical specifications of the system, which the carrier must follow.

The fines for these two obligations were suspended by OUG 29/2025 until 31 December 2025. No further postponement appears in the official sources consulted. Several commercial sources state that the fines apply from 1 January 2026, but this could not be verified on legislatie.just.ro or on the Ministry of Finance website. Ask your carriers whether they are connected and get their confirmation in writing.

Fines

For companies, failing to declare, declaring quantities different from those transported, a UIT not handed to the carrier, changing data after departure and failing to declare all the goods in a consignment are punished with a fine of 20,000 to 100,000 lei. For the driver, the fine is 5,000 to 10,000 lei. On international shipments, the second, third and fourth offence found within 12 months of the first sanction add confiscation of 15%, 50% and 100% of the value of the undeclared goods, respectively. Confiscation does not apply when the offence is found at a later check and the goods were recorded in the supporting documents and in the accounts. ANAF states in the guide that the goods must actually have been received and entered into stock on the basis of a NIR (goods receipt note).

Checks can be made by ANAF, the Romanian Customs Authority and the Romanian Police.

What it means for dispatch

Generate the UIT after loading is finished, not when the delivery is created in the system. The declared quantity must be the one on the truck, and you cannot correct it after departure. If pallets are removed or added during loading, correct the declaration before the vehicle leaves.

The registration number is a mandatory field. When the carrier subcontracts, the vehicle is sometimes known only on the day of loading. Put in the contract the deadline for providing the registration number, and who updates the vehicle data if it changes on the road.

What it means for receiving

For intra-EU acquisitions, purchasing must get the loading date, the carrier and the vehicle number from the supplier before the truck leaves. The simplest way is to require them in the contract or the delivery terms, as part of the dispatch note. Without them you cannot generate the UIT. The generated code must then reach the carrier, directly or through the supplier, before the vehicle enters the country. The 15-day validity covers a long transport, but not an order that the supplier postpones by a week after you have declared it.

ERP integration

Small volumes can be declared manually. Beyond a few shipments a day, an API link to the ERP or the transport system reduces transcription errors. The fields the system requires are the CN code, quantity and unit of measure, net and gross weight, value excluding VAT, the partner, the loading and unloading addresses and the vehicle number. The CN code may be missing from the material masters of parts that have never gone through a customs declaration or Intrastat, so check the master data before integrating. The “Internal reference” field is returned through the API together with the UIT, and you can use it to link the code to the delivery or order in the ERP.

What remains unclear

Two things could not be confirmed from official sources at the time of writing: the regime for GPS fines after 31 December 2025, and any changes to the list of high fiscal risk goods. The Ministry of Finance has a legislation page dedicated to the system at etransport.mfinante.gov.ro. Check there for the current form of OUG 41/2022 before you change your procedures.

If you have questions from practice, the discussion continues in the WhatsApp group “Logistics & Supply Chain”.